Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Teenage Pregnancy - Essay Example There has been a growing agony regarding the problem of teenage pregnancy and early parenthood, since it is acknowledged that these lead to poor educational achievement, poor physical and mental health, poverty, and social isolation for both the parents, especially the mother and the children. Teenage pregnancy carries high costs in terms of both social and economic health of both mothers and their children. This paper will introduce the historical background of this epidemic, focusing on the controversy that encompasses the topic of public school sex education. Then, policy goals and options will be critically discussed. , in an attempt to analyze this issue, this paper will conclude with an evaluation of this policy and recommended solutions regarding the problem of teen pregnancy overall (Hoyt, HH and Broom, BL., 2002). Among the industrialized nations, the United States has the highest rates of teen pregnancy, abortion, and sexually transmitted disease. Publicly, the religious right had had a tremendous influence over the formation of federal policy in regards to teen sex education since the Reagan Administration in the 1980's. Since this time, the federal government has taken a rigid stance that the only allowable form of sex education is solely abstinence (Hampton, T., 2008). Morally speaking, the focus of federal policy is on preventing sexual conduct prior to marriage, which ignores the morality of trying to prevent teens from gaining the knowledge that could protect them from both disease and unwanted pregnancies (Dinan, J., 2008). Numerous people often question the ethics regarding this public policy. Teenage pregnancy carries high costs in terms of both the social and economic health of mothers and their children. Economically, teen pregnancy is an enormous drain on American society, as the responsibility of parenting a child often prevents young mothers from completing their basic high school education. Only one-third of pregnant teen mothers manage to complete high school and only 1.5 percent obtains a college degree by the age of thirty, while close to 80 percent of all single teenage mothers rely on welfare for support (Kelly, K and Grant, L., 2007). Thirty-four percent of teenage girls in America get pregnant at least one time prior to reaching the age of twenty (Horgan, RP and Kenny, LC., 2007). Thus far by law, abstinence-only sex education programs are mandated to eliminate educating complete, medically accurate information (Kohler, PK, Manhart, LE., and Lafferty, WE., 2008). Educators are prohibited by law from following research and public opinion supporting comprehensive sex education, regarding tactics that actually work in a positive manner to prevent teen pregnancy and lower STD rates (Rose, 2005, p. 1207). The most influential stakeholder group on this issue is the religious right. Rose (2005) makes it very clear that this group represents only 10 percent of the adult American population. A 2004 report, "Public Support for Comprehensive Sexuality education, "reveals that 93 percent of parents of junior high school students and 91 percent of parents of high school students indicate support for comprehensive sex

Marketing Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing Communication - Essay Example It cannot be forgotten that such restrictions are also placed in order to prevent the degradation of women and to discourage materialism. Furthermore, the rationale for these restrictions could be health reasons and to prevent politicians from misusing electoral advertising. Firstly, restrictions are put in place to prevent advertisers from misleading consumers. This means that advertisements are restricted from containing false statements, descriptions, illustrations or claims regarding material facts or characteristics. Furthermore, there are bodies that are charged with acting as a 'controller' to ensure that the restrictions are upheld. For example, the Advertising Standards Authority of the United Kingdom dealt with almost 1,200 cases regarding health, beauty, and slimming products in 2003 alone. This clearly indicates the number of cases regarding false claims will continue to increase if restrictions are not placed on the advertising of slimming products. As such, it is appare nt that restrictions are placed on advertisements in order to prevent advertisements from deluding consumers. Advertisements are also regulated to prevent the degradation of females. Often, the female is used as a mere sex symbol to entice and titillate the male into purchasing a product. Hence, restrictions are placed to control the extent to which a female is used and how she is used. If this is not done, it is likely that the image of the purer sex will be degraded as the people will lose the respect of them due to indecent advertising. In advertisements contained within fashion magazines such as the Vogue, there are at least 20 pictures focused directly on the barely covered breast or cleavage. Not only are these suggestions demeaning to women insinuating that they all just want to wear as little as they can get away with, but they are blatantly unrealistic. Thus, restrictions are placed on advertisements to prevent the extent of such degradation from escalating further. In addi tion to that, advertisements portray women as frivolous creatures that seemingly spend 99% of their time and space dwelling on beauty, sensuality, sex, health and attracting a man. One example is a lipstick advertisement for Revlon. The theme is one of "choices, choices, and choices", how will one ever be able to choose a shade of red that is just right, as if this is the biggest problem confronting a female in a day. Another example is an advertisement by Savvy, a jewelry company whose slogan is "Be Brilliant", depicting unclothed female bodies with an example of their jewelry draped on them. Not only does it remove the humanity in the picture, it gives the impression of women's brilliance radiating only from the stones that they must wear. This clearly impresses upon the public that women are no more than sex symbols. Therefore, such degradation and debasement of females must be kept in check through the various restrictions placed on advertisements. In addition, restrictions are placed on advertisements to discourage materialism.

Utopia, 1984 Comparison :: essays research papers fc

Research Paper: Love in Utopia, Brave New World and 1984 Love is without a doubt one of the most powerful emotions in the world. Most people in the world who have experienced this emotion know that with love, almost anything is possible.  ¡Ã‚ §When in Love, the greater is his/her capacity for suffering, or anything else in that matter ¡Ã‚ ¨ (Miguel de Unamuno, The Tragic Sense of Life). The governments in both Brave New World and 1984 understand that eliminating love and loyalty is important in their continual process of domination over their societies. In Sir Thomas More ¡Ã‚ ¦s Utopia, his Utopian society understands the importance of love and loyalty. There is a huge contrast between the way love is treated in Utopia, and Brave New World & 1984. In both Brave New World and 1984, the governments have replaced love and loyalty, with suspicion and hatred, while in Utopia it is treasured. In the novel 1984, many examples are provided as to how the Inner Party manages to manipulate the public into scorning emotions, love and loyalty. Suspicion and hatred are the main two feelings that replace love and loyalty, in the society of 1984.  ¡Ã‚ §The smallest thing could give you away. A nervous tic, a look of anxiety, a habit of muttering to yourself ¡Ã‚ ¨ (Orwell, 65). This example shows the unfortunate replacement of loyalty with fear and suspicion of everyone in 1984.  ¡Ã‚ §It was terribly dangerous to let your thoughts wander when you were in any public place, or near a telescreen ¡Ã‚ ¨ (65). Suspicion is a dominant feeling felt by almost all the members of the Outer Party in 1984. For example, when Winston met Julia for the first time, his immediate thoughts were;  ¡Ã‚ §She must be with the thought police ¡Ã‚ ¨ (45). The society of 1984 is a total nightmare, in which everyone is suspicious of everyone and very little loyalty exists. An example of betrayal in the novel occurs when Winston entrusts his secretive relationship with Mr. Charrington. Then, Mr. Charrington turns around and betrays Winston, by turning out to be a member of the notorious thought police!  ¡Ã‚ §It occurred to Winston that for the first time in his life, he was looking, with knowledge, at a member of the thought police ¡Ã‚ ¨ (234). Love in 1984 does not exist and has been eradicated because the inner party knows that it is dangerous. Feelings towards other human beings can sometimes compel us to do things that we would not normally do.

A Research Proposal on the Perceptions of 12th Grade Students

For a significant number of years, Nigeria has been facing alarming forms of malpractices that is being perpetuated in the conduct of examinations at almost all levels of its educational institutions. In effect of this, credibility in certification exams has been declining significantly.According to Fagbemi (1998) government functionalities, school authorities, invigilators, examiners, parents and students are all seen to be perpetrators of such a malpractice (p.13).In effect of this, examination malpractice in the country have paved the way for a significant percentage of the Nigerian population, most especially among the sophisticated part of the social strata to question papers from examination bodies or bank officials wherein question papers have been provided to them for safe keeping (Balogun 1999, p. 110).The act of education malpractice in Nigeria becomes more complicated as some parents were reportedly purchasing question papers from examination bodies or bank officials. Othe r than this, multiple registrations of candidates are also seen; and these incidences go as far as female examinees inserting their pictures in their examination scripts with self-addressed envelopes, implying a willing invitation from examiners (Ene and Ursula, 1998, p. 15-18).Syndicates have also been capitalizing in the practice as there have been special centers which are reported to write the examination for candidates themselves through coordination of various officials from exam bodies’ with the help of corrupt school administrators.Some students also pay huge amounts of money to school administrators and examination officers just to allow them cheat in the examination hall (Fagbemi, 1998, p.16).A number of private schools as well have been reported to sponsor examination malpractice in order to attain a high percentage pass at credit level exams such as the Nigerian Senior Secondary School Examination (SSCE) and Junior School certificate Examination (JSCE) (Balogun 19 99, p.111).In effect of these malpractices the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) introduced a number of changes in the question numerations varying for every candidate, which in effect turned out to low examination results within the University Matriculation Examination (UME); albeit, another turn-around was devised by syndicates, hence paving the way for the JAMB examination to be unreliable as well (Fagbemi, 1998, p. 14).Examination malpractice in the country has already reached a significant percentage.For instance, the University of Abuja already had 41 out of 44 students expelled in September of last year due to examination offenses. In 2007 as well, 232 individuals were already blacklisted due to their participation for the leakage in the exam that was organized by National Examination Council (NECO), West African Examinations Council (WAEC) Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB), National Business and Technical Education Board (NABTEB) and National Teac hers Institute (NTI).These individuals were school principals, supervisors, invigilators and examiners (Balogun 1999, p.12). In the same year on the month of February, the federal government of Nigeria had announced that 324 schools were already closed and would no longer serve as centers for public examinations due to documented incidence of malpractice as well (Ene and Ursula, 1998, p. 20).Purpose of the ResearchThe purpose of the research is to provide detailed information as to the malpractice of Nigerian educators, students, government officials and parents that paved the way for the perpetration of cheating within national certification exams; and at the same time provide alternatives based on the principles of effective educational leadership in order to improve the disposition of educational institutions in Nigeria.The study will be focusing on the inconsistencies of government policies that paved the way to the difficulty of implementing a sound program promoting honesty am ong certification exams. The study will also be focusing on both internal and external factors that cause malpractice.For instance, the issue of the non-implementation of educational policies for educators that supposedly can bring higher morale among educators and consequently financial stability that would somehow lessen their inclination to be bribed or conduct various malpractices in exams will be discussed.The lack of employee motivation and weak accountability for educational leadership will be discussed, while external factors such as teacher shortages and corruption will also be presented (Sachs, et.al., 2004, p. 11-12).The decline of morale of educators, the continuous brain drain phenomenon in the country or the flight of talented Nigerians to other countries, the role of poverty, the ill-equipped libraries, violence, cultism, and the explosion of student enrolment will also be presented.Forms of examination malpractices will be presented as well; together with the individ uals that are often involved such as parents, teachers, students, government officials and institutions (Aina, 1993; Bunza, 1993).After all of these factors are expounded, the role of educational leadership such as transformative education will be presented (Obikeze, 2003). The research will show that through the role of transformative education or a process of remolding or reconfiguration of the existing state of affairs, the educational paradigm of Nigeria will be changed.In addition, the study will also present the role of refocusing and re-energizing of the institutional framework of education that will pave the way for more competitive educators, intelligent, honest and competitive students, honest and government and non-government institutions, together with the students' respective families (Obikeze, 2003).For the purpose of this research, the study will also be elaborating of Nwagwu's (1998) critical areas of reform in secondary education such as quality of primary school te achers relative to the student ratio; the secondary school curriculum, together with the facilities and materials that are being used.Time utilization and management of the aforementioned, backed with discipline and character formation among students, and finally other material factors that could help in improving the learning dynamics of students such as boarding houses, recreational facilities and various type of scholarships and arrangements (Nwagwu, 1998, pp.10-21).  The role of decentralization is also vital in terms of educational development and will be presented in the research as part of educational leadership theoretical background.Decentralization will pave the way for the privatization of state-run activities that will involve the use of performance assessments and results-based management as a means to exert state influence while still allowing various areas vital for decision making (UNESCO, 2006).   

Servqual Model in Hotel Sector Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The model SERVPERF was used by Choi and Chu (to measure travelers perceptions of hotel attributes in Honk Kong Hotels; by Juwaheer (2004) to measure the same in Mauritius s hotels; and by Poon et al. in Malaysian hotels. Studies have suggested that SERVPERF is a better tool to analyze empirical variance as compared to the SERVQUAL (Cronin and Taylor 1992, pp. 55-68; Boulding et al. 1993, pp. 7-27). At the same time, studies have also suggested that the scores on the basis of expectancy-disconfirmation model are more effective than scores from adequacy-importance models (Bolton and Drew 1991, pp. 375-384). Knutson et al. (1990, pp. 277-284) used an adapted version of the SERVQUAL instrument to measure service quality in the lodging industry. They used only the expectation items to measure the customers expectations from a hotel. It was found that reliability is the most important factor which is followed by Assurance, Responsiveness, Tangibles and Empathy. A similar kind of adapted v ersion was used by Stevens et al (1995, pp. 56-60) in restaurants. The study revealed that the most important factor is the reliability which is then followed by tangibles, assurance, responsiveness and empathy respectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Servqual Model in Hotel Sector or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page It was found that reliability was the most important of the five dimensions followed by assurance, responsiveness, tangibles, and empathy (empathy (Knutson, Stevens, Wullaert, Patton and Yokoyama, 1990).

Kate Chopin s The Awakening - 1685 Words

The Swim to Happiness â€Å"Even as a child she had lived her own small life all within herself. At a very early period she had apprehended instinctively the dual life—that outward existence which conforms, the inward life which questions† (Chopin 18). The Victorian Era created a clear distinguishment between male and female roles in society, where women were expected to behave feminine-like, be responsible for domestic duties and have little involvement in society. This created a heavy oppression upon females and as a result forced many of them to remain entrapped in a male dominant society, in fear of being outcasted. In the novel The Awakening, Kate Chopin depicts how Edna’s defiance of Victorian ideal and ignorance of gender roles allows†¦show more content†¦This set her apart as a unique, but ultimately too potent writer in a literary period that had not yet awakened to the more modern notions of feminism...the fine line between author, narrator, and heroine is crossed a nd it seems useless to view this work as independent from the author’s most intense convictions. (Smith). The atmosphere that Chopin s was exposed to from an early childhood and into adolescence shaped the person she became and therefore the writer that later followed. Her novel reflects the feminist ideals she believed in and the progression away from those Victorian ideals through the character of Edna (Smith). Since the culture of this era determined that women should only possess domestic roles, Edna is expected to comply to these standards, but her rebellion against these ideals leads to her later emancipation. However, Edna defies these standards to be a housewife and fails to meet these social expectations: â€Å"Mr. Pontellier had been a rather courteous husband so long as he met a certain tacit submissiveness in his wife. But her new and unexpected line of conduct completely bewildered him. It shocked him. Then her absolute disregard for her duties as a wife angered him† (Chopin 146). Edna not only lacks the ability to care for a house, which is the expectation of wife, but she also does not care for her children in the same manner that is

A P, By Susan Glaspell Essay - 1756 Words

Setting is an important aspect that affects the tone, characters, and symbols in a story. It allows the audience to know where the story is taking place and the time frame it is in. Without the setting, a story is incomplete and the audience would not get the full experience of vivid imagery that audience should have. In the play, Trifles, by Susan Glaspell, the setting has an influence on many of the aspects of the play. Two other works that setting has an impact on the audience’s view of the work is, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† by Ernest Hemmingway, and the short story â€Å"A P,† by John Updike. Overall, setting serves a major purpose in all of these works and modifies the tone, characters, and the symbols of each individual work. Authors can utilize setting in different ways such as a time and a place. Setting as a place has other components that make an author’s work flourish. One example is the indication of setting. Authors usually indicate where the plot is taking place so that the audience is not lost and has an idea of where the action is happening. This leads to the next element of setting as a place, which would be the significance. The significance of place has a great impression on the characters and the audience’s interpretations. With the significance of place the audience can usually question how different the story would be if it took part elsewhere, thus exemplifying the importance of the certain setting. Also, setting as a place indicates what theShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Susan Glaspell, And A P Essay2143 Words   |  9 Pagesthe society. The sole purpose of women was to be a maker of the home and bear kids while the man was expected to work outside the house. This type of mentality is evidenced in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell, and â€Å"AP† by John Updike; they all illuminates on the submissiveness, t he obedience of women to a man s authority that was considered unexceptional at the onset of the twentieth century because the themes of the inscrutability of women, domesticityRead MoreLiterary Analysis of Susan Glaspells Trifles1788 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Natures in Susan Glaspells Trifles A trifle is something that has little value or importance, and there are many seeming trifles in Susan Glaspells one-act play Trifles. The irony is that these trifles carry more weight and significance than first seems to be the case. Just as Glaspells play ultimately reveals a sympathetic nature in Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale, the evidence that the men investigators fail to observe, because they are blind to the things that have importanceRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesSusan Glaspell was a prolific author, playwright, journalist and novelist in the early 1900s. Early in her career as a reporter she wrote many articles including the newspaper coverage of a murder trial known as the Hossack Case when she worked for The Des Moines Daily News in Des Moines, Iowa. This murder trial was a much publicized event in which a woman, Margaret Hossack, was accused of murdering her prosperous husband on the couple’s farm in Des Moines. In these newspaper articles dated fromRead More The Danger in Susan Glaspells Trifles Essay799 Words   |  4 PagesThe Danger in Susan Glaspells Trifles Susan Glaspells Trifles is a play about a real life murder case that uses symbolism to help bring it to a close. It is easy to see that Mr. and Mrs. Wright live in a society that is cut off from the outside world and also strongly separated by gender. Three of the key symbols in Glaspells play are a simple bird cage, a quilt, and isolationism. Anna Uong of Virginia Tech and Karen Shelton of JSRCC share these same ideas on symbolism. TheseRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 1714 Words   |  7 PagesTrifles written by Susan Glaspell loneliness, poverty and isolation consume the lives of the characters. Susan Glaspell’s play â€Å"Trifles† written in 1916. In this play the author’s talks of her preoccupation with culture- bound notions of gender and sex roles. Glaspell says women are considered trifles which mean they are not important to society which is carried out by men (Baym, p. 742). In Trifles written by Susan Glaspell the time is in the early 20th century. When Glaspell wrote â€Å"Trifles† inRead MoreTrifles by Susan Glaspell1158 Words   |  5 PagesAnalytical Essay on Drama Trifles by Susan Glaspell Heidi Barnard South University Trifles’ By Susan Glaspell I believe had several small defining moments leading to the one larger defining moment, which brings together all of them together. The defining moment is the discovery of the dead bird hidden in the pretty red box, this leads back to smaller points such as her sewing and the bird cage. â€Å" Here’s some red. I expect this has got sewing things in it. (Brings out a fancy box.) What aRead MoreA Jury of Her Peers, by Susan Glaspell897 Words   |  4 Pagesexcluding the province of Quebec. Men are usually seen to be the superior sex, and also the leaders of significant matters. 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In Susan Glaspell’s â€Å"Trifles† gender roles affect the attitudes of the male characters towardsRead More Intuition in A Jury of Her Peers Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesIntuition in A Jury of Her Peers      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though men and women are now recognized as generally equal in talent and intelligence, when Susan Glaspell wrote A Jury of Her Peers in 1917, it was not so. In this turn-of-the-century, rural midwestern setting, women were often barely educated and possessed virtually no political or economic power. And, being the weaker sex, there was not much they could do about it. Relegated to home and hearth, women found themselves at the mercy of the moreRead MoreA Jury Of Her Peers By Susan Glaspell Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesJorge A. Gonzalez Ms. Julie Yates English- P.7 27 October 2016 Short Story Comparison Essay â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† by Susan Glaspell and â€Å"The Sniper† by Liam O’Flaherty are short stories that both share the theme of crucial decision making which leads to the main theme of death; in both stories there is some type of mystery involving the discovery of something linked to the death that occurred in the story. In â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† the death of the guy remains unsolved, and is constantly being talked