Racial Aspects Of The Civil War - 810 Words

Racial Aspects of the Civil War 1 April 30, 1866, four police officers encountered several blacks walking on Causey Street in Memphis, Tennessee. The officers forced the blacks off the sidewalk; one black stumbled and fell tripping an officer. The Police then drew their pistols and began to beat the blacks. The riot started the next day, when police officers attempted to arrest two former black soldiers. 2 It is said that nearly fifty blacks attempted to prevent the officer from jailing the ex-soldiers. â€Å"Accounts vary as to who began the shooting, but the altercation that ensued quickly involved more and more of the city.† White rioters burned a Freedmen’s schoolhouses, black homes, and even churches. May 3rd marked the end of the riots, Forty-six blacks died, and 285 people were injured. â€Å"Over one hundred houses and buildings burned down as a result of the riot and the neglect of the firemen.† 2 The New Orleans Massacre was just another example of the bestial attitudes of the ex-confederates toward the blacks. Before the riot started in front of the Mechanics Institute, where white and black delegates were to meet for the Louisiana Constitutional Convention, 130 black citizens marched towards the Mechanics Institute. The Mayor at the time, Mr. John T. Monroe, rallied a mob of ex-confederates and white supremacists to stop the delegates from meeting. After reaching a distance of only a few blocks apart, shots rang out but the two groups continued advancing.Show MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1208 Words   |  5 Pagesflag. Apparently, there is a common perception among Democrats that the Confederates are associated with racial crime and hate in America. The suspect behind the shooting in Charleston has confessed that he acted about the idea of white supremacy in the South. A large section of the American population agrees the flag is a symbol of racism since i t was established in honor of white civil war soldier who wanted to preserve slavery in the region. Interestingly, the flag has remained a monumental symbolRead MoreImprovement of the Position of the Black Population Between 1940 and 19501274 Words   |  6 Pagesfight for their basic civil rights in the United States of America. The black people suffered strong discrimination in terms of housing, jobs and even education and travel. The blacks also sometimes suffered physical racial attacks. However during the 1940s and early 1950s blacks fought to improve the civil rights in a number of different aspects. These aspects were in political, social and economic areas. An example of the political aspects was the proposed MarchRead MoreThe War For Equality During The 20th Century1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe War for Equality The first half of the Twentieth century witnessed both WWI and WWII and another war as well; the War for Equality. With a racism and persecution at a high level, racial minorities were ready to fight back. In the first half of the Twentieth century the mistreatment of racial minorities led to a War for Equality; fought on many levels with varying levels of success. The war was fierce and did not end in the first half of the Twentieth Century. Like any war the War for EqualityRead MoreThe Tensions Of The Civil War988 Words   |  4 PagesThe tensions of the Civil War are very much still alive in the Southern United States one hundred and fifty years after the Confederacy surrendered to Union forces to end the war. While the tensions may have mitigated away from full-fledged war between North and South, there still remain tensions along racial and cultural lines well beyond the war. In Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic these long standing tensions left over from the war are delved into by Horwitz as he makes his way acrossRead MoreThe Everlasting Jim Crow System973 Words   |  4 Pagesperiods of racial regulation system: The Slavery, The Jim Crow and The Mass Incarceration. The latter still dominates, and it perpetuates racial caste system in a way which is legalized and normalized under the sugarcoating of colorblindness. According to the author, the mass incarceration eventually becomes the new Jim Crow System, and it represents the recession of racial equality after the African-American Civil Rights movement. To identify the intrinsic nature of the everlasting racial segregationRead MoreRace And Reunion : The Civil War1581 Words   |  7 Pagesreunion, a majority of American white communities close obscure the civil war racial narrative would only fade. In race and reunion: The Civil War in American memory, by David Blight, represents how Americans chose to remember the Civil War conflict, from the beginning of the turning point of the war. The two major themes race and reunion, demonstrate how white Americans adjusted and altered the causes and outcomes of the Civil War to reflect their particular ideas regarding this catastrophic conflictRead MoreMany May Wonder About The Connection Between The Cold War1251 Words   |  6 PagesMany may wonder about the connection between the Cold War and the Civil Rights Movement and how the war has an effect on African-American civil rights. The effect may not be as perspicuous since these conflicts are two very strange juxtapositions. The two wars shared the same time and place in history yet they were never associated with each other. Although the Cold War may seem as if it went on for forever, from 1947 until 1991, the Civil Rights Movement went on from 1954 to 1968. However, the massRead MoreSocial Problems: Is the United States Post-Racial?1237 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Is the United States Post-Racial? The election of Barack Obama to the Presidency of the United States has generated a lot of discussions and debate on the current racial affairs in the United States. Many assume that Obamas presidency ushers a new era post-racial America. So, I decided to read a few recent articles on the topic. The first was by Time Wise where he reflects on denial and reality in response to the question what is post-racial? (Wise, 2012). Wises article is depressing becauseRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1706 Words   |  7 Pageshouse divided against itself. The United States were no longer united, mainly over the issue of slavery. In fact, many historians believe that, â€Å"From the nation’s founding, the issue of slavery threatened to tear the United States apart.† (â€Å"The Civil War† 1). The issue of slavery was always kept at bay through the utilization of various compromises; however a permanent solution was never sought after by the government. The peoples’ perspective of slavery differed by region. In the South, the economyRead MoreRacial Ideology And The Term White Supremacy1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe term white supremacy is used to describe the racial ideology that promotes and revolves around the belief that people of white ethnicity are superior in their traits, characteristics, and attributes in comparison to other racial groups (Fredrickson, 2015). Therefore, the white race should have economic, political, and social rule over non-White individuals. There are many ideologies and schools of thought that have been used to support white supremacism; however, the majority of data is pseudoscientific

Intensive Glucose Control Of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes...

Topic Intensive glucose control of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to maintain blood glucose levels (BGLs) near normal range Introduction Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder which can occur from insufficient insulin secretion. Insulin is a hormone which is secreted by the pancreas and regulates BGLs (Loghmani, 2005; Nussey Whitehead, 2001). Type 1 diabetes is also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In this, the body produces no, or very little, insulin which can lead to chronic hyperglycaemia. Thus the chances of microvascular, metabolic and infectious complications increase, which can result in increased incidence of retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular mortality (Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 [DM Type 1], 2014). It usually appears during childhood and adolescence but may occur at any age. The chances of IDDM are equal among males and females and are more common in European people (Type 1 Diabetes Trial Net, n.d.). Mayo Clinic (2014) reports, that the people of Finland and Sardinia have 400 times higher chances of having IDDM than people of Venezuela. World Health Organization [WHO] (2014) reports that nearly 347 million of the worldwide population have diabetes mellitus and it is reported this may be the 7th main cause of death by 2030. IDDM accounts for approximately 10% of all the diabetic population (WHO, 2014). Family history, exposure to some viral infections such as mumps and coxsackie, asShow MoreRelatedSelf Monitoring Of Blood Glucose786 Words   |  4 Pages4. 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In 2011, millions of cases of diabetes had been reported across the world by the World Health Organization. Many complications in the body can come as a result ofRead MoreInformative Essay on Diabetes1506 Words   |  7 PagesAn Informative Essay On Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death listed in the United States. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness. In 1996 diabetes contributed to more than 162,000 deaths(Lewis 1367). Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but a group of disorders with glucose intolerance in common (McCance 674). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) and results from defective insulin productionRead MoreEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1447 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death listed in the United States. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness. â€Å"In 1996 diabetes contributed to more than 162,000 deaths†(Lewis 1367).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but a group of disorders with glucose intolerance in common† (McCance 674). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) and results from defective insulin production, secretion, andRead MoreCoping With Diabetes Mellitus Type II1711 Words   |  7 PagesCoping With Diabetes As a patient, coping with being newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, can be very stressful for the patient and family members involved in the patient plan of care. The patient will have to make drastic lifestyle changes in order to be in compliance with the recommended treatment by the members of the health care team. Being a patient, making the necessary lifestyle adjustment will assist with management of the newly diagnosed illness. This essay will discuss a family memberRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Debilitating And Chronic Disease2025 Words   |  9 PagesDiabetes Mellitus is a debilitating and chronic disease in which life long care and rehabilitation is required. According to the World Health Organization, diabetes affects over 300 million people worldwide, and continues to rise each year. There are three main categories of diabetes; type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is related to insulin, which is a hormone secreted by th e cells of the pancreas. (WHO) Insulin is responsible for maintaining an idealRead MorePractical Implementation Tips: Type 2 Diabetes (T2Dm).922 Words   |  4 PagesPractical Implementation Tips: Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) 1. Identify those at high risk of T2DM on your practice register The State of the nation 2016 (England): time to take control of diabetes1 report from Diabetes UK warns us that 5 million people in England are at high risk of developing T2DM. We have high quality evidence from several international diabetes prevention studies2 that early lifestyle intervention can reduce both long-term progression to T2DM, and long-term incidence of cardiovascularRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Debilitating And Chronic Disease2358 Words   |  10 Pages Diabetes Mellitus is a debilitating and chronic disease in which life long care and rehabilitation is required. According to the World Health Organization, diabetes affects over 300 million people worldwide, and continues to rise each year. There are three main categories of diabetes; type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is related to insulin, which is a hormone secreted by the cells of the pancreas. (WHO) Insulin is responsible for maintaining an idealRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus, Burden And Trends1250 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes Mellitus, burden and trends in diabetes-related Complications Diabetes is a serious chronic disease, which occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn t make enough insulin (T2DM, usually in adults) or the body can’t effectively use the insulin (T1DM) (WHO definition: http://www.who.int/diabetes/en/). WHO diagnostic criteria for DM is the FPG 7.0mmol/l. This diagnostic point affect the risk of micro-vascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, renal failure andRead MoreThe Use of GLP 1 Analogues1608 Words   |  6 Pagessupporting use of GLP 1 analogues Patients with type 2 diabetes are at risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. Evidence has shown that an improvement in blood glucose control, as shown by a reduction in HbA1c levels, is associated with a reduction in microvascular complications (2,3,4). Evidence from ACCORD (2), UKPDS(3) and ADVANCE(4) suggests that intensive blood glucose control reduced composite endpoints for microvascular outcomes, but the impact on patient oriented outcomes such

Cases and Materials on Corporations Method †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cases and Materials on Corporations Method. Answer: Introduction: In the present question, the issue is related with the capacity of the creditors of Woodcraft Pty Ltd to recover their money from the company. For example, you need to be seen if Forest Products Pty Ltd can recover the amount of $20,000 from the company. In the same way, it also needs to be seen if Eastpac Bank Ltd can recover the amount of $500,000 that were borrowed by the company to purchase a stud. Similarly, it has to be considered a National Finance Ltd. can recover the amount of $2,500,000 that was used for purchasing a commercial property. The law provides that under certain circumstances, addressing can be held personally liable regarding the debts arising out of first business. Similarly, the beneficiaries of the test can also be held liable to indemnify the trustee where the trust funds are insufficient to fulfill the liabilities of the trustee that have been incurred during the course of those businesses. Although trusts are used extensively for businesses, estate management and charitable purposes, but it is significant to know the risks involved and to seek appropriate legal advice in order to mitigate these risks. Some of the key principles that are related with liability and indemnity and that need to be kept in mind by trustees and beneficiaries are as follows:- The law provides that a trustee (including a corporation) can be held individually accountable regarding the debts that have been incurred during the course of business of the trust.[1] This also provides that the liability of a trustee towards the creditors is not restricted to the extent of the assets of the trust.[2] According to the Corporations Act, 2001, it has been mentioned in section 197 that the directors of corporate trustee to be considered as being jointly and individually liable regarding the discharge of the debts of the Corporation increase the corporation has not and is not in a position to discharge its debts and where the corporation is not eligible to be indemnified from the assets of the trust due to (a) breach of trust by the company and/or (b) if the corporation has acted beyond the scope of its powers as a trustee or if (c) a term of trust denies or limits the rights of the company to be indemnified. The court stated in the decision given in RJK Enterprises P/L v Webb[3] that section 197 of the Corporations Act should not be considered as rendering a director accountable when there is the pride of indemnity in place but insufficient funds are present to fulfill the indemnity. This position is contrary to the position adopted by the court in Hanel v ONeill.[4] In this decision, it was stated by the court that s. 197, Corporations Act can be construed as meaning that the directors of corporate trustee's can be held as guarantors for the liability that has been entered into by the trustee. However, it was explained by Douglas J that s. 197 has been amended in 2005 with a view to amend a perceived anomaly that was present as a result of the interpretation of decision by the Supreme Court of South Australia and also to override the decision given in Hanel. In order to make sure that the liability of the directors of the trustee operations extends only so far is intended when this sect ion has been set in its original structure in the corporation law. The court further stated in TFML Ltd v MacarthurCook Fund Management Ltd.[5] that a trustee who enters into a contractual obligation while performing the trust may limit its liability to the extent of the right of indemnity arising from the assets of the trust. However in Yara Australia Pty Ltd v Oswal[6], it was held that the limitation will not follow as a result of the mere description of a party as a trustee. Therefore the law provides that the trustees are entitled to be reimbursed under equity and also the legislation, from the assets of trust, regarding all charges and expenses that may be incurred by them while executing the trust. This right of the trustees was to be given priority as against the rights and interests of the beneficiaries concerning the enforcement of indemnity. In order to secure these rights, a trustee as the charge or a lien over the assets.[7] Under these circumstances and applying the legal principles mentioned above, it can be said that in this case, Forest Products Pty Ltd can recover $20,000 from the beneficiaries of the trust. This amount was due when the company had ordered timber worth $20,000 from Forest Products. At the same time, acting on the advice given by the solicitor, the company decided to diversify into real estate and horse breeding business. For this purpose, Michael and Claire had taken a loan of $500,000 from Eastpac Bank Ltd as the directors of Woodcraft Pty Ltd. At this time, Eastpac was advised that Woodcraft Pty Ltd is acting as a trustee and similarly a copy of trust deed was also provided to the bank. It had been mentioned in the trust deed that the trustee is authorized for involving in wholesale and retail furniture trade. Therefore in this case, the directors of the corporate trustee can be held personally liable for repaying the amount of $500,000 to Eastpac Bank Ltd., because in this case a copy of trust deed had also been provided to the bank. At the same time, another amount of $2,500,000, and also been borrowed by the company from National Finance Ltd. for the purpose of producing a commercial property. However, the hopes of earning rental income were also frustrated when the company could not find suitable tenants for the property. Under these circumstances, the company was unable to pay its debts. As a result, in this case, National Finance Ltd. can recover the amount from the two directors of the company, Michael and Claire. The issue in this question is a contract signed by Tom and Jack can be enforced against the company. This issue arises due to the fact that it has been mentioned in the constitution of the company that before entering into a contract by the company, a formal approval from the board is necessary. Only then, one director and company secretary can sign the contract. But in the present case, Jack and Tom had signed the contract without obtaining the approval of the board of the company. However, the law provides protection to the outsiders in case of corporate contracts in order to balance competing policy issues. Therefore, under the common law, with the help of the notion of indoor management rule and under the statutory law, through sections 128 and 129, more of a business convenience approach has been adopted in order to protect the outsiders while they are dealing with companies.[8] Under this policy of business convenience, it is necessary that the accuracy of business transactions are generally given preference is compared to the financial interests of the innocent officers, members and the creditors of a company. The common law indoor management rule provides that when an outsider is going to form a contract with the person who purports to be acting on behalf of the company but who does not have the necessary authority, the contract was voidable at the option of the company unless it was ratified.[9] However such a situation resulted in a particularly harsh outcome for the outsiders, especially the creditors, who were dealing with the company in good faith and who did not have the resources to find if all the necessary internal approvals and requirements are satisfied in case of the particular transaction.[10] To deal with this issue, common law came up with the indoor management rule. This rule was provided in Royal British Bank v Turquand which is also popularly known as the Turquand's Case.[11] According to the indoor management rule, it doesn't provided that when an outsider is dealing with a company under good faith and without having any notice or reasonable grounds to suspect any impropriety or irregularity is not impacted by any such actual impropriety or irregularity concerning an internal regulation on management of the company. As this rule provides that an outsider is not required to check if the necessary internal action has been taken and therefore the outsider can resume the all the internal requirements are fulfilled wh ile entering into the transaction. This assumption is known as the indoor management rule because it covers all the matters that are within the management of the company and are not public.[12] Similarly, the indoor management rule has also been incorporated in the Corporations Act, 2001. The relevant sections in this regard are Ss 128 and 129 even if the indoor management rule also has residual application.[13] Therefore this rule can still assist an outsider and continue to be relevant for the companies in case of the action by third parties, situations falling beyond the scope of Ss 128 and 129; regarding the dealings with the corporations that does not fall under the definition of a company mentioned in section 9 of the Corporations Act.[14] In this context, there are certain assumptions present in Ss 128 and 129 that can be made by an outsider while dealing with a company. Section 128 provides that these assumptions can be made by any person dealing with a company.[15] The court had stated in Gye v McIntyre[16] that the term "dealings" as a very wide score and therefore it includes much more than a legally binding contract or a deal. By giving a wide interpretation to the term, it is considered to include a single transaction, purported dealings and pre-contractual negotiations.[17] According to section 128(4), a person cannot rely on the statutory assumptions if at the time of the dealing, the person knew or had reason to suspect the assumption was not true. This exception is applicable in cases where the outsider has actual knowledge or suspicion and not merely the circumstances where any reasonable person would be put on inquiry.[18] Moreover, the statutory assumptions mentioned in s129(5) and (8) can only be made wh ere it appears that the document has been instituted by the corporation in accordance with s127. Due to this reason, where it appears that the contract was entered into on way out for the company by person, it will be prudent for the outsider to make inquiries regarding the source of the authority of the person entering the contract on behalf of the company.[19] As a result of the application of the above-mentioned legal principles to the facts of this question, it can be said that although the constitution of Midas Ltd., required that the formal approval of the board was necessary before entering into a contract, and in this case the approval of the board was not present, still the contract signed by Jack and Tom can be enforced against Midas Ltd. raises that in these days, the statutory assumptions mentioned in s. 129 can be made by the outsider. Therefore it can be assumed that all the internal rules of management were complied with before entering into the contract. The effect is that the contract can be enforced against the company and the company is bound to perform its obligations under the contract. Bibliography Baxt et al, Afterman Baxt's Cases and Materials on Corporations and Associations, 8th ed (Australia: Butterworths 1999) Burnett B, Australian Corporations Law, (Australia: CCH 2001) Cassidy J, Concise Corporations Law, 3rd ed, (Australia: The Federation Press 2001) Fisher S et al, Butterworths Tutorial Series: Corporations Law, 2nd ed, (Australia: Butterworths 2001) Hanrahan P et al, Commercial Applications of Company Law, (Australia: CCH 2000) Hanrahan P et al, Commercial Applications of Company Law, 2nd ed (Australia: CCH 2001) Lipton et al, Understanding Company Law, 10th ed (Australia: LBC 2001) Meagher et al, Equity: Doctrines and Remedies, 3rd ed (Sydney: Butterworths 1992) Redmond P, Companies and Securities Law Commentary and Material, 3rd ed (Australia: LBC 2000) Tomasic and Bottomely, Corporations Law in Australia, (Australia: The Federation Press 1995) Elders Trustee v Reeves (1987) 78 ALR 193 Gye v McIntyre (1991) 98 ALR 393 Hanel v ONeill [2003] SASC 409 Octavo Investments Pty Ltd v Knight (1979) 144 CLR 360 Octavo Investments Pty Ltd v Knight (1979) 144 CLR 360 RJK Enterprises P/L v Webb Anor [2006] QSC 101 Royal British Bank v Turquand (1856) 6 EB 327 TFML Ltd v MacarthurCook Fund Management Ltd [2013] NSWCA 29 Yara Australia Pty Ltd v Oswal (No 2) [2013] WASCA 187